Compare and contrast the influence, outside countries, of Mao and Hitler Essay Example

Compare and contrast the influence, outside countries, of Mao and Hitler Essay Until the death of German Fuhrer Hitler and Chinese dictator Mao in 1944 and 1976 respectively, due to their interests, the two countries not only had an influence towards the countries around them, but the world. And the state of foreign policy, which it was mainly influenced by its distinctive ideology, had a huge impact too. Here the common factor about two single parties nation was that they were both involved in the wars. In particular, Germany took main role in World War 2, which it totally changed the history of countries that are even located in Far East Asia. Whilst the scale of the wars in which Maos Communist China was involved in was smaller compared to Germany, but it utterly changed the whole ideology and destiny of a country. Here, the nation that I am talking about is like North Korea. However, at the same time we must remember that the nature of involvement of wars were different; Hitler was more interest in his ideology and behalf, whereas Mao had a purpose of aid, in which rescuing other countries from what they see as an evil ideology, capitalism. Therefore, there is no doubt that the two totalitarian nations had a significant influence outside their countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and contrast the influence, outside countries, of Mao and Hitler specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and contrast the influence, outside countries, of Mao and Hitler specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and contrast the influence, outside countries, of Mao and Hitler specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And most considerable influence outside their country was the consequence of their involvement in the wars. Thus, it is very important and effective to consider each dictators influence and power throughout comparing the impact they had in foreign domain. As I have mention above, Nazi Germany and Peoples Republic of China both had involvement in the wars. To begin with, soon after the death of the Weimar Republics president, Hidenburg, Hitler seized the ultimate power of Germany and declared himself as a dictator, Fuhrer. With this, he commenced very radical and aggressive foreign policies. Since breaking Germany itself free from Versailles, step by step, Nazi prepared an ultimate war to retain its glory back. On 1 September 1939 the German army invaded Poland from the west. On 17 September, Soviet forces invaded Poland from the east. Poland was swiftly defeated by the German tactics of Blitzkrieg. Britain and France could do little. On 3 October Poland surrendered. The path towards the world war, which has been intensified from series of events and circumstances in the Europe, has now been triggered by the invasion of Poland. Through 4 years of war, it had brutal consequences; most of countries in Europe and USA were involved in the war; moreover, the Poland invasion triggered Pacific-War in Asia and several countries in North and Centre Africa were the victims as well since the they were the colonies, so they were compelled to provide their stocks. Similar to Germany, Maos PRC had participated in Korean War and Vietnam War. The war that had a most significant influence, which PRC involved, was Korean War. The tension between communist and non-communist state was not limited to Europe and in 1950 it led to war in Korean peninsula. Korean was divided into two states: North Korea was communist and supported by USSR and China; South Korea had an anti-communist dictatorship and was supported by America. The two Koreans were divided by 38th parallel. Until now, the intense conflict between two parties still exists. And this controversial and critical issue is not only a major issue only for Korean but for whole world. An Issue such as nuclear missiles is one of them. To conclude, the two nations both were involve in the wars and this had considerable influence outside their own country. Especially, the event in which German devastates Poland, Belgium, and other nations in Europe and Chinese participation in Korean War was an identical one and most significant since it had absolutely changed the direction; history to politic, ideology, economy, culture, and life. Until now we have seen the common influence of the war, which had an involvement from the absolute dictator. However, there are also contrasts in many perspectives. Here we must explicitly identify the nature of the involvement. For Hitler, the purpose of war was mainly focused own his behalf. Hence, he advocated Lebensraum that would establish a living space and Nationalism, which would retain the respect diplomatically. Unlike the gloomy Weimar era, he wanted to transform Germany into a superior nation. So he was the one who triggered the war, and took over other countries and instigated Italy, and Japan to get involved in the war. Therefore, Hitler had a clear intention and aim that he wanted to achieve in the war. Whereas, the nature of Chinese involvement the wars were much different; unlike Hitler and Nazi, they were not the one who triggered the war; they participated wars that undermined their ideology, communism. Therefore, it was more likely to be a war against the ideology and not for their behalf. Thus the involvement of the PRC was much passive compared to Nazi. The Vietnam War is a good case. It was likely to be an aid rather than war since the troops of PRC was not involved in the war and only sent advisors and munitions to the Vietcong. Lastly, the scale of the war the two nations were involved in was different. The war that Hitler triggered was a global one; USA to Japan and Congo, it would not be an exaggeration to say that all the nations in the globe were influenced by the WW2. Whereas the wars, which China participated, was in few Asian countries. To sum, since the nature of their involvement in the war was different, the contrast between the influences has been shown. Throughout the essay, I have been discussing about the comparison and contrast by spotlighting the wars that the two leaders were involved in. Mainly, there is no doubt that Mao and Hitler were both involved in wars changed our history and is still influencing our generation. But the nature of its movement should be distinguished since Hitler had an ambition to conquer Europe and Maos focus was towards on containing Capitalism. I personally think this was effective way to compare for the two totalitarian dictators. However, Maos PRC was established after the end of WW2 and death of Hitler. Thus, I believe a comparison between two dictators was not the most effective question since Hitler was a leader during 1933~1944 and Mao was in 1945~1976. Therefore, for example, comparison between Mao and Stalin would had been a better comparison since the two totalitarian leader were involved in Cold war against USA and Capitalism states. For Hitler, Mussolini would have been a perfect comparison.

To dismiss the Chartist movement as mere hunger politics is to underestimate the depth of its political support Essays

To dismiss the Chartist movement as mere hunger politics is to underestimate the depth of its political support Essays To dismiss the Chartist movement as mere hunger politics is to underestimate the depth of its political support Essay To dismiss the Chartist movement as mere hunger politics is to underestimate the depth of its political support Essay Essay Topic: A Hunger Artist * Chartism product of industrialisation. Problem was boom and slump nature of economy and temporary unemployment. This was one of issues that angered w/class about Poor Law Amendment Act 1834. In Manchester alone in 1837 there were estimated to have been 50,000 unemployed at some point and there were constant protests in Yorkshire re, this inconsistency of opportunity. * The man in charge of controlling the Midlands and North from a military sense had sympathy with the Chartists and reported to the government everywhere people are starving in the manufacturing districts. * Industrialisation brought with it the problem for many of mechanisation. Britain contained a rich heritage of craftsmanship and it was craftsmen that were badly hit. These including handloom weavers and more locally Black Country nail makers. Also hit badly were the workers in declining areas such as Wales and there can be little doubt that many of these were shocked by their loss of earnings after a lifetime of relative prosperity. * There is evidence that after the 1842 rejection, food shops were looted primarily and again this coincided with a virtual standstill in production in the north in several industries. Tellingly, trade and output revived massively by 1843 and Chartism membership declined quickly. Depth of political support * The aims are said to be the six points and this is possibly good evidence of a political agenda i.e. none of the points said we want regular bread supplies. Chartism is surmised well by Marjorie Bloy who wrote it represented the fundamental belief that economic exploitation and political subservience could be righted by parliamentary means. Hence, how can political depth and hunger politics be untangled? Some variations on the six points existed and these again demonstrate a desire for other things than bread: these included the Poor Law abolition, no tax on newspapers and 8 hours maximum within the factories. * The London Working Mens Association was founded by skilled and fully employed craftsmen. These included Lovett and Place who were not economically disadvantaged and the pledge of the Association was that men should be in possession of their political and social rights. * It may need considering that if the essay title states political support we ought to ask how much support the movement received from middle and upper classes. The answer is not a lot. The upper classes were in full political control and rejected the first petition 235 to 46 votes. Many middle class supporters left the movement after early violence (Attwood of the Birmingham BPU is a good case in point) and some Chartist leaders such as O Connor (whilst ironically being middle class himself) aggressively rebuked any offers of assistance from this social group. Their parallel support of the ACLL ensured success here. * Many had sympathy with the Chartists grievances but would have balked at suggestions that they should seize power. General Napier mentioned above was an apologist for the government but this does not mean that he gave the Chartists political support. Conclusion: Chartism was a political movement born of economic circumstances. The superficiality of its support is best illustrated by the fact that when the economic situation improved, membership declined rapidly. This support would not have declined so quickly if the political views were deeply felt.

Literature Review of Studies Focused on Vocabulary Development Research Paper

Literature Review of Studies Focused on Vocabulary Development Strategies and Interventions for Grades 9-12 - Research Paper Example There are strategies ideal only for children and there are those applicable only for grownups. In teaching Grades 9-12, teachers will find issues relating mostly to comprehension and vocabulary. This paper reviews three articles that investigated effective reading strategies for improving vocabulary of Grade 9-12 students. One article worthy of attention was written by Douglas Fisher (2007). In this paper, Fisher reports the five-part program that the teachers and administrators of Hoover High School developed and implemented in order to improve the vocabulary performance of students in state-administered tests. According to Fisher (2007), Hoover High School was a low-performing school with a population of 2,300 students at the time of study, all qualifying for free breakfast and lunch and 76% speak a different language apart from English. To improve vocabulary at the school level, the school implemented vocabulary routines and instruction. The first component of the program was wide reading. This component consisted silent sustained reading (SSR) and independent reading for content area subjects. The school identified and purchased appropriate reading materials, among these were historical accounts of WWII. In addition to these resources, the school assigned teachers who could provide relevant information to students regarding the materials they read. The students devoted 20 minutes per day to SSR and just read any material they wanted. This method was not enough, thus additional time was provided during content area instruction for independent reading. The second component of the program was reading aloud. This strategy is very common for beginning readers. Nevertheless, Hoover High School used it because of its tested effectiveness to learn content and vocabulary. In this method, the teacher read aloud a passage for 3-5 minutes at every class. Again, the school had to purchase materials specially designed for the procedure, including Richardson’s (200 0) â€Å"Read It Aloud! Using Literature in the Secondary Content Classroom,† Trelease’s (1993) â€Å"Read All About It! Great Read-Aloud Stories, Poems, and Newspaper Pieces for Preteens and Teens.† These materials, along with other interesting books, were purchased using the school’s site book funds. School administrators conducted observation of read aloud sessions. Consequently, to enhance interest of teachers in implementing read aloud sessions, professional development funds were also utilized to pay teachers to observe other teachers during read alouds. The third component composed of content vocabulary instruction. This was the usual vocabulary instruction in which teachers used graphic organizers, semantic maps, tables, etc. One issue that aroused teachers’ attention on this component was deciding on what vocabulary words to teach. To address the problem, several questions were raised to qualify the words, such as â€Å"Will the word be u sed in other subject areas? Will the word be used again during the school year?† This kind of questions served as guide to teaching specific vocabulary words. The fourth component was academic vocabulary development. For this component, the school team consulted Coxhead’s (2000) â€Å"Academic Word List† and Marzano and Pickering’s (2005) â€Å"ELL Students and Academic Vocabulary† and came up with 570 academic words to teach their students. The last component was called the â€Å"

An Enzyme Controlled Reaction-Catalase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

An Enzyme Controlled Reaction-Catalase - Essay Example l. Compute the rate of O2 production (cm3/s). m. Plot a graph of concentration of hydrogen peroxide against rate of oxygen production. 5.0 Safety Measures Hydrogen peroxide in high concentrations (18-28 vol.) is irritating to the eye and the skin. The contaminants can cause decomposition leading to explosion after a while. Pressure can build up if reaction containers are blocked. 6.0 Results This experiment has 1 independent variable, 1 dependent variable and 1 control variable. The independent variable is the various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, while the dependent variable is the rate of reaction in terms of oxygen production. The control variable is the temperature of the room and standard pressure. Table 1 shows the average results of the oxygen produced in different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Percentage of Hydrogen peroxide Average volume of oxygen collected (cm3) over time (seconds) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100 48.3 68.7 78.3 82.0 85.0 86.7 87.0 87.3 87.7 88.3 88.3 88.3 90 37.3 55.0 63.7 68.3 71.0 72.3 73.0 73.3 73.3 73.3 73.3 73.3 80 32.3 47.3 54.0 59.0 61.3 63.0 63.3 63.7 63.7 63.7 63.7 63.7 70 26.3 40.0 45.7 48.3 49.0 49.3 49.3 49.3 49.3 49.3 49.3 49.3 60 20.7 31.7 36.7 40.0 42.7 44.0 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 50 16.3 27.0 31.0 33.3 35.3 36.3 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 Table 1: Average volume of oxygen collected Figure 2: reaction at 100% concentration of hydrogen peroxide Figure 3: reaction at 80% concentration of hydrogen peroxide Figure 3: reaction at 50% concentration of hydrogen peroxide 7.0 Discussion To ensure that the process of measuring was accurate, I ensured the room temperature remained constant and the equipment remained in the same conditions for all the tests. In some tests, the level of concentration... To ensure that the process of measuring was accurate, I ensured the room temperature remained constant and the equipment remained in the same conditions for all the tests. In some tests, the level of concentration of hydrogen peroxide was not very accurate due to some technical hitches, but the level of inaccuracy was not substantial enough to affect the findings and conclusion of the experiment. From the results, it appears that less oxygen was produced within the first 5 seconds because the concentration was low. This is because, at higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, there are more molecules of hydrogen peroxide leading to more collisions that stimulates more enzyme-substrate to be formed – as the concentration decreased, this collision decelerated as evidenced by the graphs (Chelikani, Fita & Loewen, 2004). These results are exactly as it was expected. Catalase functions as catalyses in most living organisms, by decomposing hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water, as shown in the equation below.2H2O2 + Catalase  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2H2O + O2  Catalase significantly trims down the activation power required for the reaction. In absence of catalase, the breakdown would take a longer time to occur, and would not be able to support life. Since Hydrogen peroxide is a very potent by-product of metabolism, if not decomposed very fast it can cause damage to body cells.

The Effects Of Electronic Waste Management Environmental Sciences Essay

The Effects Of Electronic Waste Management Environmental Sciences Essay Electronic waste known as E-waste is one of the growing and emerging problem in this world. E-waste consists of many components as toxic substances which have adverse affects on human health and environment if not properly handled. Developing countries have several dumping of e-waste that assumes the importance of management. This concise paper provides EPR legislation to reduce the hazards of E-waste, managing the concerning problems, recycling operations and NGOs participation to combat it. It also focuses on the emerging issues and their strategic solutions. Introduction Waste of electrical and electronic material was considered as cost factor in past. Easiest and cheapest way of disposal was selected to put at the nearest distance. At national level the practices of disposal are not allowed in many courtiers. Waste of the municipal solid consists in electronic and electrical equipments. Waste management has been developed for the all institutions involved in the end of life management of electronic management. Waste of electronics and electrical equipments increases the mass of the toxic inputs into local waste streams. If the volume of the E-waste exceeds to that of processed in manufacturing of products from the mining operations, then no matter it will be an ore located on the globe. On the one hands this E-waste is used as raw material to shape new products while on the other hand it has very harmful potential impacts on the ecosystem. An analyst looks the end of life processes as well as the chain values that are sorting, logistics and collecti on strategies. Many strategies were taken in hands for the treatments of this E-waste like incineration and landfill. Previously the reuse, recycling and remanufacturing of the E-waste is strongly recommended to reduce the volume of these E-waste. Recycling is also emphasized that is linked with the improper disposal of materials. The loop of the industrial waste can be closed by recycling of these waste materials as to sustain the economy of that particular industry. In industrialized countries recycling has become a common practice in the end of life processes. Recycling strategies also differ in yielding the standard quality products. Several features are taken into account to recycle the E-waste for useful purposes. An important feature of recycling process is to handle the situations arising during processes as handling of hazards materials, safety and health care of workers, rates of recycling and levels of recycled material. It is observed that a long scale progress of recycl ing of E-waste is achieved in industrialized countries like U.S, Asia and Europe. Extended producer responsibility is a main policy to tackle this kind of issue. EPR plays main role for the producers to incorporate the end of life facets to design new products. It is important to provide the necessary incentives to all those involved in making the regulatory policies. This can be supported by the study of two Norwegian scientists those who revealed the crucial role of regulatory policies. They put the facts of their survey and survey participants answered that main green technological changes occur from the environmental regulations in EU. Fig 1: Showing the main driving forces for green technology changes EPR feasibility has been shown in Asia and Europe. At earlier stages of infancy in last decade E-waste started in Switzerland in 1992 and it became widespread in other countries due to pressure of environmental authorities. Environmental Effects of E-waste E-waste has many toxic substances which are dangerous at high level if not handled properly. Why are these risks and dangers produced? These are the concerning issues and need the attention of analysts and industrialists to minimize the dangers. On the industrialist end the equipments and feasible machinery is not provided to workers at workplace. There are concerns of workers that their analysts do not guide them in proper way to recycle the E-waste and complete the disposal processes. Serious repercussions arise due to proximity to those places where E-waste materials are recycled or burnt. Grey goods have very toxic chemicals as compared to white and brown goods. For example a computer has very toxic chemicals like mercury, beryllium, cadmium, PVC and Phosphorous compounds. Central nervous system, Reproductive system and Urinary system are badly affected by the lead absorption in human body. Mercury also affects the CNS, Reproductive system and Urinary system of humans. If it is m ixed in water used for living animals and on transportation of the water into water living animals can become the cause of death of those animals. Cadmium and Poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons affect the human body organs specially kidneys, lungs, skin and bladder respectively. E-waste has caused serious consequences to environment and human health. For example location near to recycling and burnt places of e-waste has many components of e-waste which directly affect the living of that area. When recycling plants are installed near rivers, it is found that river water is contaminated by the e-waste components and water livings are badly harmed by these e-waste materials. Extended Producer Responsibility EPR is a new tool of market and focuses on the background and responsibility of the producer. WEEE recycling regulation after the necessary analysis and evaluation of EPR with new approaches is provided. Question arise that why we need the regulatory action. E-waste is a big challenge in 21st century. Initial study of industrial ecology reveals that cycle economy is the big source to make contribution to sustainable development of economy. The growth in new electronic products needs new large resources and E-waste is increasing the inputs into local stream flows. We address the two basic needs of the closing the material loops and treatment of the hazards materials. These features are addressed by applying the regulatory actions. An analysis of existing economic or market incentives is required in order to come to a conclusion where regulations necessary and where market forces already achieve favorable results (Costanza et al. 1997). As the growth rate of the new products increase we require to recycle the E-waste with the same extent as shown in the figure. Volume of E-waste New Product Fig 2: Showing the proportionality between Volume of E-waste and New E products To answer the issues concerning the new product growth and recycling of E-waste EPR is new technology with better results in marketplace. à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"An environmental protection strategy to reach an environmental objective of a decreased total environmental impact from a product, by making the manufacturer of the product responsible for the entire life-cycle of the product and especially for the take-back, recycling and final disposal of the product.à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚  (Lindquist et al. 1990). EPR is considered as an approach to take the E-waste to industries for the purpose of re-engineering of the material to improve the mechanism of processes and products. Goals of the EPR: Major contribution of EPR is in environment and industrial zone. Hazardous materials are treated appropriately to reflect sound E-waste hazardous components to be disposed to provide the safety and health standards to workers. Closing of material loops is possible by recycling of E-waste which is base on the rate of recycling and material reapplication levels. The environment must meet the reward design including the avoidance of hazardous material and materials to be cycled optimized in general design. In economic goals it is ensured that fair allocation of burdens for the stakeholders and producers must count all the economic areas. Always keep in mind to avoid financial burdens which are not supporting the environmental cause. The EPR must be clear, transparent and feasible in controlling the monitoring of the systems. The EPR policies must be implemented in order to amend the incentives to create the favorable consequences for the system. We have studied the EPR importance to achieve the specified goals. Now we have to evaluate and make analysis of EPR policies. The evaluation process of EPR policies for the achievement of goals is dependent on both qualitative and quantitative analysis. It is observed that environmental effectiveness through the implementation of the regulatory policies does not yield required results until it is not controlled in a viable way. It is estimated that incentives to collect the E-waste and recycling is totally according to the EPR or take the alternative approaches to complete the process like collection and recycling. There are many practical problems which are related to EPR. For example it becomes difficult to allocate actual cost of recovery after a decade. Many products are so comprehensive for their disposal that increases the global market. The product is chan ged in many hands and it becomes difficult to decide that when and where the end of life stage is reached. It is not clear that who is responsible for the collection and recovery of the product when product is exported in other countries. What stands out most is that, even when practical problems are solved, doubts remain about the effectiveness of EPR in its current form because it mainly leads to global low-quality solutions. Alternatively, the application of high-level recovery in many cases reduces the eco-footprint through substitution. (Hischler, 2005). EPR in current form has many impacts on the E-waste flows and it has promoted many low level recycling processes. Therefore high rate of recovery for which a local industry is optimal is set to achieve in less budget. Industries following theses approaches may benefit their owners and countries where they are installed. Governments are the responsible to provide the legal and financial incentives to promote the business. It is now required to present the estimates of the production, recycled and import export. Region/country Production in million tons per year Land filling storage in million tons Recycling in million tons Export in million tons per/year Import in million tons per/year EU-25 7 1.5 3.43 1.9 USA 6.6 5.1 0.12 1.4 China 3.2 3.7 1.5 - 2.10 Japan 3.1 0.5 1.84 0.63 - West Africa 0.06 0.44 0.18 054 India 0.35 0.84 0.35 - 0.85 Total 20.31 12.08 5.85 3.76 3.49 Table 1: Global E-waste production, disposal, recycling and import/export estimates in 2005 This data in table tell us about the emerging powers of the world in industrial zone. Many other countries like Canada and South America continent are not included in it. In Europe alone the production is 7 million tons per year. China has made rapid progress in production as it equals its production to Japan. China is the second country in land filling after the USA and E-waste recycling is in largest volume in EU followed by Japan. All of above discussion finds the lack of the awareness of our citizens about E-waste and EPR. The E-waste management depends upon the active role of local or city governments and attitudes of the citizens. Producers, stakeholders and consumers also play role to shape the development. It will be very disappointing to keep the citizens away from the management deeds to take benefits of EPR policy. It hardly required involving the common people in process of recycling of electronic goods. Consumers must be informed about the goods by labeling the consumerà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s requirements for those items. Consumers are educated to use only those products which utilize the modern emerging technologies. For example halogen free, lead free and from the authenticated retailers or manufacturers. Different training programs for the training of the citizen must be arranged to make them aware of the impacts of the E-waste and on their health and possible ways to minimize its haza rdous affects. Due to these training programs our consumers are able to purchase the environmental friendly products and maintain the environmental operational processes of the products via careful disposal. On the hand suppliers provide only those items to manufacturers which are containing the friendly components in materials. Manufacturers can reduce the impacts of their products by making a compatible design products, raw material choices and manufacturing and delivery processes. To get rd of free riders check and balance of system must be ensured. Economic Viability: The EPR policy has given us knowledge to boost up the economy of that particular manufacture ring company by recycling process of E-waste. It can be achieved by direct reuse of the E-waste. The processes of the parts cannibalization and remanufacturing do a lot for the owner of the company. Main advantage of these processes is shown as it recovers more value than just materials. The value of the discarded products is used when the equipments and parts are left mostly in their original forms. The price of the product includes the administrative labor and logistic charges. In this way 90% of the total original cost is recuperated. New labor is cheaper to the costs of the collecting, disassembling cleaning, repainting and controlling of E-waste material. However this remanufacturing process takes less work and yields high level recovery as compared to start new product from scratch. Remanufacturing can be as efficient as virgin production and assembly, if not better. Practice proves that even cheap (à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ã‚ ¬15/piece) and somewhat complicated electrical motors can be refurbished and adapted for 50% of the new price (Comperen, 2006). Parts manufacturing with less work and high value, this condition is more advantageous. If other cost of disassembling is kept low then reuse is very profitable for many companies. Ecological Viability: The high level closed loop recovery is also environmental friendly as we have studied in our discussion. There is clear evidence from the studies mentioned that high-level closed-loop recovery is also more environmentally-friendly then most present practices as energy efficiency improves compared to virgin production (Krikke Zuidwijk, 2008; Hischler 2005). It is seen that process of remanufacturing reduces the much resource consumption. The main advantage of this process is that much of energy is saved that cut the amount of CO2 emissions. It is also observed that remanufacturing of goods requires only 15% energy as compare to manufacture new product from scratch. There are many environmental indicators as water use, land filling and CO2 emissions. As the number of the indicators increases it becomes difficult to handle the data and it creates serious concerns of closed loop supply chain for management and others. In this paper we have discussed the E-waste materials and its hazardous effects on human. The impacts of the regulatory policies on economic and environmental are significant. These both aspects combine together to allow the resultant analysis of the regulatory policies and their developments. This EPR tests the already existing economic incentives in a system. These regulations must amend the structures in a way that favors the main player of that system to achieve the set goals. The recycling process must be in control according to the regulatory policies. Drafting of the regulations ask all the participants to shape it in a style to get maximum benefits from the reuse and avoid the hazardous affects of the toxic materials. It is essential for the EPR that it is defined in a way to establish an effective management framework in that particular region. In this paper we have focused on the possible consequences that may arise due to E-waste materials. What amount of electronic produc ts is produced in many developed countries of the world? It has provided us to find the facts behind the E-waste material. The recycling and reuse of the E-waste is briefly discussed in this paper. EPR makes its lot of contribution in our whole studies. It has given the answers of our basic questions concerning to its impacts on economy and environments. Environmental regulations are the driving force in Europe as estimated in survey conducted to bring the green technology changes.

Women and Advertisements Essay examples -- Beauty Media Essays Adverti

Women and Advertisements The average American is exposed to hundreds of advertisements per day. Advertisements targeted toward females have an enormous effect on women's thoughts, attitudes, perceptions, and actions. Most of the time, women don't even realize these advertisements are formulating self-image issues. These ideals surround them daily and they become naturalized to the ads. Advertising creates an entire worldview persuading women to emulate the images they see all around them. In order to create a market for their products, companies constantly prey upon women's self esteem, to feel like they aren't good enough just the way they are. This makes women constantly feel stressed out about their appearance (Moore). Advertising has a negative effect on women's body image, health, and self-esteem. Advertising creates a mythical dream world where there are no problems, everyone is beautiful, and has money to spare. Advertisements depict the way in which people think women and men are â€Å"supposed to be† (Cortese 52). Women are shown all these images as role models, which are unattainable. Females are not able to be happy with their bodies because everyday in the media they are told that they are not beautiful. The average American woman is 5 feet tall and weighs 142 pounds. When is the last time you saw a women meeting these qualifications in any advertisement? The truth is most people don't have the genetic potential to be the idealized shape and size in our culture (â€Å"Every†). Women are doomed from the beginning. The media favors one women's body type; the tall blonde with perfect, tan skin and long, beautiful hair. Because the images of women in advertisements are unattainable, it keeps them purchasing new products in their quest to be like the models they see (Moore). The actual women in these advertisements can't even match up to the image of themselves in real life. They are almost computer-generated women like in the movie Simone. Indeed, with the technology we have now, advertisers can transform a product into perfection, at the same time, misleading the consumer into seeing it as â€Å"real†, and thus permanently providing impossible standards (Ingham). More and more women are becoming dissatisfied with themselves trying to be this fantasy person created by the men in our society. This distorted view of reality, portrayed by advertisemen... ...m, corporations will do anything to make a buck, including forcing women and girls to suffer health problems, low self-esteem, depression, and the adoption of subservient roles in society. Socialism would lay the basis for women's liberation. Advertising would no longer suffocate and distort women's sense of self-worth. A society based on equality and mutual respect would finally eliminate the second-class status women have held for thousands of years (Moore). If a women can't be happy with her body than she is not able to teach her children that their bodies are beautiful. Children are taught that fat is unlikable. They assume that all fat people eat all the time, are dirty, lazy, stupid, cheaters, and other negative images. Advertisers need to take into consideration the changing roles and sizes of women in society. Society is starting to accept other cultures, religions, and races, but they still don't accept people that don't have fit the â€Å"normal† body size. Beaut y is in the eye of the beholder, but if advertisements helped reinforce the many different definitions of beauty it would decrease the number of women who have poor body image, low-self esteem, and health problems.

Ping Sweeps and Port Scans Essay

This report is to provide insight on nefarious computer activities called ping sweeps and port scans as a request from management. I will identify them, explain what they are use for, how they are used and how to stop them from attacking a network. Finally I will discuss how they can be eliminated as security risk. The information in this report is designed to increase the understanding and knowledge of these two activities so that this company’s IT department will be in a better position to recognize them and block potential attacks from their use. According to S. Branch (2012), in his article What is a Ping Sweep he says â€Å"A ping sweep, also called an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) sweep, is a diagnostic technique used in computing to see what range of (IP) addresses are in use by live host, which are usually computers†. Ping sweeps are not unusual, they are often used by administrators in diagnosing network issues; however, hackers also use ping sweeps to find active computers so they will know where to concentrate their attacks. This can become a serious security breach for an unprepared network. Hackers send not one ping but many packets at the same time. This tends to slow down a network. When the hackers ping sweep finds an active computer it can send request for confidential information. There is no reason to be alarmed by ping sweeps because the solution for stopping them is very simple. The system administrator only need to disable ICMP packets and if the system administrator wants to do a ping sweep, just enable the ICMP packets temporarily. According to S. Branch (2012), â€Å"ping sweeps are older and slower technology, and are not in use as much as in the past†. A port scan attack is a popular reconnaissance technique that attackers use to discover services they can break into according to Yahoo Answers (2007), Author unknown. Yahoo Answers states that â€Å"All machines connected to a network run many services that use TCP or UDP ports and there are more than 6000 defined ports available. Normally port scan does not make direct damage just by port scanning. Potentially a port scan helps the attacker find which ports are available to launch various attacks†. A port scan sends a message  to each port one at a time. The response received back indicates whether the port is being used and if so, the port will be probed for weakness. TCP ports are the most attacked ports because they are connected oriented and give good feedback to the attacker. The most frequent port scan attacks to look for are: Stealth Scan, which is design to be undetected by auditing tools, SOCKS, which allows multiple machines to share a common internet connection, easy access when not configured correctly. Bounce Scans, are systems that they can bounce their attacks through. These systems are FTP server, Email server, HTTP Proxy, Finger and others. These all have vulnerabilities to do bounce scans. They also use UDP ports to find open ports, but it is not often used because it is easily blocked. Port Scan attacks can be reduced or completely solved by deploying Firewalls at critical locations of a network to filter unwanted traffic. There is also Port Scan Attack Detectors (PSAD) on the market for free use. In the fast developing world of computer technologies there will always be hackers and other types looking for ways to still. In the earlier days of computer technology they were not much of a problem if any. Today programmers and system builders program and build their goods with hackers and others in mind. Many security features are built in and other features are discussed and put in place at the beginning of the project. Nothing is foolproof, but if there is a way for them to get in, there is a way to keep them out. References Author unknown. (2007). What is a Port Scan Attack? : Yahoo Answers http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061105020422AAtre1p Branch S. (2012). What is a Ping Sweep? :  © 2003-2013 Conjecture Corporation http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-ping-sweep.htm